COSMIC LAW IN THIRUKKURAL

HONOUR LIFE & COSMIC LAW PROGRAM / SEMINAR SERIES

                                                         By

                           Dr. R.J.A. Stephen Loie

What is Cosmic Law and what does the Thirukkural say aout it?

Is it 'Like attracts like' ?-  what you think about and what you feel strongly about attracts. But the scientists disputed that the Cosmic Law of Attraction works - they said that like does not attract like. If you take two positive magnets towards each other they would actually repel - not attract.

So now it is the Law of Resonance.  The Law of Vibration which states that everything in the universe vibrates will explain what it is. Everything is made up of energy and everything has its own vibrational  frequency.

If you want to attract something you need to be at the same vibrational frequency as what you want - The Law of Resonance states that anything that is on the same vibrational frequency makes itself known to each other. They vibrate on the same frequency. When we send out signals on a certain frequency through are thoughts and emotions the universe respond to us with anything and everything that resonates with that frequency.

Hence we should learn to resonate with what we want instead of resonating with what we are doubtful of, fearful of and so on.

When we do that our thoughts and emotions will become things.

You reap what you sow.

THOUGHT + EMOTIONS = ATTRACTION

This simple formula tells it all. When you realize that thought + emotions = attraction you also realize that it´s important to really involve your feelings when you want something.

Setting your goals from the heart will make it easier for you to reach your goal because your emotions are involved. You will be in a higher emotional state more of the time and this will influence how fast you are able to manifest.

Are there more cosmic laws? We are only touching a glimpse of many unseen laws which are often named differently. Let us see 7 Cosmic Laws

1. The Law of Order

There is no such thing as inharmony, disorder, or chance but always a manifested law in the universe.

From the atoms to the sun, matter to energy, and lowest to highest, there is order or a sequence to everything.

That is to say that everything in the universe is a perfect mathematical equation, following out its sequence.

Every event is linked in the Cosmic events of things.

That everything is a part of the universe.

You are a part of the universe – a piece in a giant puzzle.

When something happens, there is always a reason for it.

There is order in the universe.

Fate and Destiny

But if there’s no accidents, then is everything we do predetermined by fate?

And if it is, then what’s the point of living?

Fortunately, there’s no such thing as fate or destiny.

You, alone, create your reality through the 7 Cosmic Laws.

No one knows your destiny, not even Cosmic Consciousness, but You.

Here’s an example:

If you are wounded and no one comes to heal you, you are fated to die.

But if you are wounded and you are treated, you are fated to live.

There’s nothing mysterious that says that because of fate, you are going to die no matter what.

According to the Law of Order, if you treat the wound, you live.

2. The Law of Analogy

Taught from Hermes Trismegistus, the Law of Analogy is akin to the Hermetic Principle of Correspondence.

Since the Law of Order states that there is no inharmony, it also follows that everything agrees with each other.

There is an agreement of correspondence between all various forms of manifestations.

“As Above, So Below. As Below, So Above”.

What is true of man is also true for the universe.

What is true of atom is also true for the sun.

What is true of matter is also true for energy.

Studying atoms and molecules is the same as studying the solar system.

Therefore, by knowing yourself you shall have known the universe.

Cosmic Consciousness Will

Many people believe, in theory, that God creates the universe in order to amuse himself.

But it is important to realize that “As Above, So Below”, the Cosmic Consciousness is also present within ourselves.

And so we ask ourselves, why do we wish not to die?

It is because we want to live. No, we MUST live.

And so it is also true for Cosmic Consciousness.

Cosmic Consciousness MUST manifest in order to live and be conscious.

Nothing is done without reason or for some petty amusement.

Take a knife against your chin and your subconscious mind will fight to stop you.

Just as there is an urge for life within yourself, so does Cosmic Consciousness has an urge for life within itself and its universe.

3. The Law of Sequence

Also known as the “Principle of Cause and Effect“.

Not only is everything is in order, and that all higher and lower forms of manifestation are in agreement, there must also be a cause and effect.

Nothing happens by chance.

Everything has a “before and after” relation.

Nothing is independent of each other.

Man is always interacting with the environment and the environment always interacting with man.

We are all dependent on one another.

So it follows that interacted events begins with a cause and ends in effect.

Prediction of the Future

Through the Law of Sequence, we can know our past and future.

Future is always determined by the past and the decision of the present.

Because, naturally, the future is not set in stone.

Therefore, it does not exist yet.

But, by analyzing the past and recognizing that the actions of the past carries into the present, we see future’s fate.

Even for prophecies that predicts accurate futures.

Their gift of foresight brought them to the spiritual plane, but even the spiritual plane analyzes the past to give future’s prediction.

There is always a cause and effect for something.

And that cause comes from one’s past actions or the communities past actions.

By knowing our past and making decision in the present, we change the future.

4. The Law of Rhythmic Vibration

Everything has a rhythm. Everything has vibration.

Nothing is solid. All physical, mental, or of energy are vibrations.

Quantum physics has confirmed that everything vibrates as subatomic particles and quarks.

Everything moves. Everything is in constant motion.

In rhythm, everything moves back and fro – from one pole to another.

Not only is there order in the universe, that all forms of vibration are in agreement, and that there is cause and effect, but that there is constant change.

“Nothing escapes the law of change” – Clodd

What is Rhythm?

Rhythm is movement measured by the beats of a metronome.

Everything moves to its own beat; it has its own rhythm.

The human heart has a rhythm.

When you breathe in and out from your lungs.

The rise and fall of tides.

Day becomes night and night becomes day.

You work and then you rest. You rest so you can work.

Everything is constantly moving, and they are moving back and forth in a rhythmic pattern.

5. The Law of Balance

Everything comes back to equilibrium in the universe.

One thing is there to balance out the other side.

Everything has a price and it is paid in balance.

And that is why the Law of Order states that all is in harmony and order and that there is no disorder.

Why all forms of manifestation are in correspondence with each other.

It is how the Law of Sequence are brought into effect.

And how it moves back and fro in rhythmic vibration.

All vibrations – physical, astral, mental, and spiritual – has a counterbalance to bring everything to equilibrium.

The Law of Balance says that what you put out will be compensated of equal force.

All of nature has the same law of balance.

Animals eat plants and breathes its oxygen for life.

When the animal dies, plants disintegrates the animal and nourishes from them.

Thus, giving nature balance in life.

Law of Compensation

In the mind and spirit, balance becomes compensation.

Nothing is given for free.

That is to say, we cannot have our cake and keep our penny at the same time.

We must ALWAYS give up one thing to attain another.

For someone to win, someone else must lose.

This we cannot deny.

For every good, there is its evil.

For every sweet, there is its sour.

For everything you have missed, you gained something else.

Nature truly hates monopolies.

Thus, there will always be two polar opposites to equal the playing field.

If you become too much of anything, nature puts you out of the game.

An excess of anything becomes an illness and, worse, an end to one’s life.

So in balance and compensation, moderation is everything.

6. The Law of Cycles

The secret of evolution is found in the Law of Cycles.

Everything moves in a circle.

The Law of Cycles agree that everything is in harmony, that what is above is the same as what is below, that everything happens by sequence, that all things are vibration in rhythm, and that there is balance to the universe.

For the universe to be in balance and move in rhythm, it must move in a circular trend.

That is how they go back to its original point, to its equilibrium.

Cycles functions like this:

• Hate breeds revenge. Revenge seeks to destroy. Destruction causes Hate.
• Animals eat plants. Plants nourishes dead animals.
• Action causes reaction. Reaction causes action.

Life will always go around and around in a circle.

You cannot escape this circle as long as you are part of nature’s game.

Spiritual Evolution

But the way to escape this circle and to evolve is to transmute the circle into a spiral.

Only the wise and strong can evolve the circle into the spiral.

When one’s path is set on spiral, their growth is exponential.

The direction of the spiral reaches you to one point – the Cosmic Consciousness.

This is spiritual evolution.

7. The Law of Opposites

Also known as the “Principle of Polarity“.

Everything has its opposite.

There is male and female. There is up and down. There is truth and untruth.

But for every male, there is a female within. With every truth, there is an untruth.

And vice versa.

In the Law of Balance, we have briefly mentioned that there is an opposing force to balance the universe.

Those opposing forces are opposite in nature.

And it is through polarity that will bring nature equilibrium.

We have known that from the Law of Order, Law of Sequence, and Law of Analogy that everything is One with each other.

So it is true that polar opposites are but different poles of the same thing.

East and West are seen as polar opposites, but if you were to look on a map, where does East stops and West begin?

Hot and cold are seen as polar opposites but they are really the same temperature in opposite end of the thermostat.

Here is where we find that no matter what we find, there will always be something that opposes it.

You find evidence and counter-evidence for all that you look for, depending on what you focus on.

If you look at Love, you will notice Hate.

If you look at Winning, you will notice Losing.

If you look at Light, you will notice Darkness.

As the saying goes, “One man’s Good is another man’s Bad” or “One man’s treasure is another man’s trash”.

Transmutation of Polarity

With the Law of Opposites, you can choose to focus on what you want.

If you focus on the negative, you get the negative.

If you focus on the positive, you get the positive.

Our physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual states can change by moving to its opposite state.

If you are not in a desirable state at the moment, never fight it or kill the undesirable.

Instead, transmute your current state into a positive one.

Cosmic Laws in Practice

When you understand these laws, you will see them everywhere.

Know them and you shall become more connected to the universe and control your destiny. Thirukkural teaches us on all these so that we can live happily, having known the Life of Life. This is the way to honour our Life as created. I have given hereunder  how I have  brought out this through my English Tanslation, which has an interpretation in it.

In my Translation all  1330 couplets each one concise with seven words in the form of 4 + 3, are structured into three sections namely, Virtue, Wealth and Love under 133 Chapters, each with 38 Chapters, 70  Chapters and 25 Chapters respectively, having 10 Kurals each as exactly as Thiruvalluvar has done. I have depicted how Kurals are specific for each walk of life. Let us have a look at this:

FOR JUDGES

Thiruvalluvar has devoted three chapters from 55 to 57 for Judges. The following  Kural is an apt example of it.

“Judge defends all but

Justice defends Judges” ( kural 547)

This is an example of functioning of Cosmic Law in the macrocosmic level.

GNOTHI SEAUTON

This Greek phrase means  “Know Thyself”.  Valluvar says that the people who are unknown to this phrase  schedule plans through their wishes, not knowing whether they would live to accomplish them.

“Wishes galore in crores

When gnothi seauton unknown” ( kural 337)

SUJOK

A  Korean term to refer to su and jok meaning  hands and feet. This method is a well developed and proven for treatment without medication, generally known for treatment on the palms. What our Valluvar says in the following  Kural  has a special importance.

“Su-jok being known none

Would be sick” ( kural 593)

HORMONES

Knowledge  about out organs, hormones are not illegal. We have to live happily. We have to know about ourselves at least a little bit. Physicians are there to treat us where our knowledge would never hinder the treatment , instead it would  understand it completely. Valluvar  being very knowledgeable and intelligent he is prophetic about our hormonal systems.  Interpreters  have to be knowledgeable in different walks of life to understand Valluvar.  His  following  Kural  astonishes us, as having been said  a long back. This proves him to be a scientist without any chemical or physical experiment, enabling him to be called prophet rather than a scientist.

“Foolishly   acting  loses function

Of  seven  hormones” (K-835)

A few people born in this world have this sort of scientific insight even before science could

enter into the world without learning science or Some people are prophetic. Thiruvalluvar has

exactly used number seven in Kural 9835. This seven may be understood pursuant to how much

we have learnt or known. Each one interprets from his own point of view which is to say what he

has know so far. For me it is exactly the hormonal system only. This can be substantiated from

Thirukkural itself. Kurals 873,538, 548, 398, 126 also  speak of the same thing. If my readers

look at the Kural and my translation keeping this idea in mind, I am sure that they would surely

understand what he implies.Just to elaborate “எண்பத்ததான்” refers to 8 qualities of 7+1

Endocrine glands, which are the output of these glands functioning properly as our Medical

Science would never object to it. They are also required qualities for a Governance at a larger

lever( macrocosmically) and a good health and mind of  the ruler governing at a  micro level(

microcosmically). The list of all eight attitudes and their functions are explained in my exclusive

book of  Interpretation of the Thirukkural. You can write to me if interested in this topic.(vide:

my email id as given above).

OTHER SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS

We understand that the literature of a particular era furnishes an insight into the state of knowledge of the people living in that period. Seen from this angle, Thirukkural is a authentic mine of information on the progress of civilization in ancient Tamil Nadu. That the Thirukkural is considered by many scholars to have been composed about 2000 years ago. It is an excellent treatise on social ethics and morality. It  is also well known notwithstanding its non-recognition   that it also symbolizes a condensed encyclopedia of science, agriculture and medicine. 

The couplet (1031) indicates the possibility of the awareness of the rotation of the earth on its own axis:

      “Agriculture  helps  others  like

The  earth  rotating”

Such knowledge wonders us as it was prevalent before the scientific era. In my opinion this sort of knowledge might have been attained through the intuition by certain people who  had been united with God in their thoughts and minds, not letting the world know about their close relationship with God. Thiruvlluvar is one among a few. Another awe-struck example may intensify this thought as follows. There was a man called Jacob, who is a son of Isaac  some 4000 years back. He could explain the function of the pineal gland, which the scientists have known recently. More astonishing point is that the said Jacob only named the gland which we still follow with a slight variance in spelling.( I have written a separate research article. Those interested may ask for it). Valluvar has an insight in Astronomy, Mathematics,Geology, Chemistry, Physics etc. Though I cannot write of all these I have given two Kuarls depicting deep insight and  knowledge on Medical science and Psychology for better understanding of my Translation

“Lie not from heart

Lest  heart dysfunction”(293)

“Lie not from mind

To  inherit world” (294)

When Scientists speak about heart they say that during 1-3 A.M our endocrine functions start when the function of the brain stops. This time we are able to know about ourselves completely which is the time of heart and pineal joining through a secretion. A chemical secreted from the pineal enters into the heart. During this time if we are in dark place and asleep ( non-rem sleep) melatonin also secretes. If we tend to voice out against what we are practically experiencing that will make our heart dysfunction. Scientists know all these just two hundred years back but how was Valluvar able to  visualize all these ? Answer is his  hormonal secretion that could tell him all that he has said. The same way the next Kural can also be explained. This has a lot of things to do with psychology also. If we start analyzing on Valluvar’s medicinal knowledge we can establish an alternative medicinal system like  Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoka, Bible-Medicine etc.

POSITIVE ABNORMALITIES

Three Kurals deal with positive abnormalities such as set forth hereunder. I have used the Title of the  8th  Chapter as "BEING LOVE  instead of  BEING IN LOVE or BEING LOVABLE. The language  used here is descriptive in nature, an outcome of  Theo-centric  philosophy. This can be explained through the following translation of the Kural. 'LOVE'  is personified in the title as if it were a human being or  a being which is an embodiment of love. The reason can be explained through the following  Kural (72).

“Lovelessness  is  selfish but

Lovableness is agape”

Agape, a new ( special) word invented by Apostle Paul  after the Death of Christ in the Greek language, has no alternative  word in any other language spoken all over the world. Nor is there any equivalent phrase except in Tamil Thirukkural, "என்பும் உரியர்  பிறர்க்கு",  as to my knowledge,  to refer to  "the highest form of  love". It is not a feeling; it's a motivation for action that we are free to choose or reject. Agape is a sacrificial love that voluntarily suffers inconvenience, discomfort, and even death for the benefit of another without expecting anything in return.

We are to agapao (verb form of agape), God (Matthew 22:37), our neighbor (Matthew 22:39), and even our enemies (Matthew 5:43-46). We are not to agapao money (Matthew 6:24), darkness (John 3:19), or men's approval (John 12:43).

Thereby 'lovableness' is a  property that makes someone or something lovable, The teaching is that we have to love (agape) with , "என்பும் உரியர்  பிறர்க்கு" not because we were/ are/ shall(will) be loved back but because it is an obligation, seeing what God has wonderfully done  in the world not expecting anything from anyone of us.

To explain this I am bringing to your attention two more Kurals as   given hereunder:

“Advising drunkards  is  like

Torching  drowning man” (929)

Thiruvalluvar  emphasizes  the point that advice is immaterial  for a drunkard, thereby he invites us to think of  the need of something or someone  in lieu of advice. That space left off in the Kural 929 unfulfilled is complemented by Kural 1015, which shows someone bearing everyone's   guilt. Hence we could understand that "ONE ABOUNDING IN MODESTY"  is the dire need for the drunkard not the advice. How is this possible? Kural 72 answers, saying that through 'agape' / "என்பும் உரியர்  பிறர்க்கு"  it is possible.

“One abounding in modesty

Bears everyone's guilt” (1015)

The 'ONE ABOUNDING IN  MODESTY'  is the 'agape' or the 'being love'. He needs or expects nothing from you for bearing your guilt. He does it as He is abounding in modesty. So the medicine suggested for drunkards is not a piece of advice but a Person, who is BEING LOVE or agape or "என்பும் உரியர்  பிறர்க்கு " The same one abounding in modesty as called in the above Kural is called Modesty itself. This is personified in the following Kural.

“Modesty  guards  society and

Patronizes  worldly  good” (1016)

According to Thiruvalluvar,  for everyone’s fault, for guarding the society and patronizing the good world, a “Modesty” is required. Modesty is Humility or Meekness or Humbleness as the Dictionaries put forth. So we need someone, who can be called “Modesty” itself. His work would be two-fold: At a microcosmic level to bear others guilt ( Personal Saviour) and at a macrocosmic level to safeguard the world and its goodness ( World’s Saviour / Protector) only through his meekness or humility or modesty or humbleness, not requiring anything from anyone whatsoever.

LANGUAGE USAGE

You can refer to my "ABOUT MY TRANSLATION" for detailed information on how I have used the words and structures of English for this translation.

EVOLUTION OF THIS WORK

I started this work in 2006 itself. But I could not continue for sometime after translating 20 Chapters randomly . As and when time permitted I could do a little bit. This continued till 2010. Thus by this year I had completed only 35 Chapters. Then I was able to work on it in the year 2014 and could translate yet another 10 Chapters. Then after that I completed 20 Chapters in 2016. For the rest of the Chapters upto 133 containing 1330 Kurals,  I tried a one strech attempt in 2017 and finished the work on 15.12.2017. My translation work is an output of my reading, hearing, learning, education, research, search and qualification.

My thirst for learning made me choose my legal Profession as an Advocate cum visiting Professor, having I given up full time teaching and freelance knowledge impartation, and go after books and as a result,  lakhs and lakhs of books thronged me. My  qualification is the result of my education which impacted this translation. One could find  indepth  meaning of Thirukkural using different walks of life, if qualified or educated in many fields or allied subjects. Had I not been fortunate enough by the Grace of God to learn psychology, physiology, philosophy,  criminology ,  religion, management, alternative,  complementary medicines, law, English and Tamil I would have found it hard to find the actual meaning  of Kural to translate  it correctly.

EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE

I am really thankful to our Dr.P.Muthukumaraswamy, a Tamil veteran for his encouragement to get my translation published, and his son in law Mr. Natarajan for being a bridge, grateful to my mother, Mrs. I. Paulin Muthaparanam,who could mould me to be such a man as I am now, to my 12 year old son, Master S. Shaphan  Jezreel  Louie, who  was with me most of the times, supporting, helping me while I was full fledgedly engaged in the work, encouraging me specially  in the years 2016 and 2017, asking me to complete the work and my wife Fernando  Methelin  Amudha cooperating with me, sparing me to spend for learning and getting educated more and more for this sort of contribution to the society, while I could not afford to purchase even a house of our own. I thank Mr. Natarajan son in law of

I thank whole heartedly  with profund  veneration  Rev.Fr. Dr. Leonard Fernando, S.J. Rector of the well  reputed St. Joseph's College, Trichy, who has written a fascinating  Foreword for this work amidst his  busy schedule,  even when it was peak at the time of admission.  I express my heartfelt gratitude with profound  love to Dr. Avvai  Natarajan, Former Vice Chancellor and Tamil Prodigy for his wonderful Prelude  despite his physical ailments at this moment.

I thank profusely  my friend  Prof. James  Sundar, former HoD- English Department, Loyola College, Chennai and my maternal cousin Thiru Joseph Rego (Kuttapulian), journalist, then SUN TV jodiporutham anchor for their constant support, help in coordinating me beyond expression selflessly and sacrificially for the Translation being crowned with Foreword &  Prelude. I thank  my friend  Rev.Fr.Bali Reddy,SVD.,Rector - SVD Seminary, DWC, St.Thomas Mount, Chennai -600016 for his Preamble, expressing his understanding of Thirukkural as a non- Tamil and Rev. Fr. Dr. G.Lazer,SVD, Director SANSKRUTI-INSTITUTE FOR DRAVIDIAN CULTURE & RESEARCH, HYDERABAD, INDIA for his words of encouragement. I thank my friend Prof.Ashokan, Patna University  English Department & former Principal of Patna College for his great acknowledgment with excitement, being a non Tamil and his constant monetary support for  my advice from Thirukkural, whenever I offered him in his agony,

I  thank the then Prime Minister of  India, Dr.Manmohan Singh for allowing me for tendering first time oral witness before Parliamentary Committee when Whistle Blowers Bill was introduced, where I could use my Thirukkural Translation based on legal knowledge in the PARLIAMENT OF INDIA during questioning session , while tendering my oral evidence. I thank our Hon'ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi  for his immediate steps to be forwarded to the concerned Ministry  for reforming the Police forces in India based on my article sent to him intuitively written on the advice of Thirukkural as interpreted and translated by me. I thank the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu  Dr. Selvi J. Jayalalitha for considering my article prepared on the basis of Thirukkural and the Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish  Kumar for his implementation of ban of liquor on my petition forwarded to him intuitively based on Thirukkural, mainly requesting for declaring 25^th of December every year a liquor free day to commemorate the Birth of Christ without liquor.I thank my another paternal cousin Prof.Constantaine Ravindran for his recommendations, appreciation and applaud. I really thank the Publishers of this First Edition Palaniappa Brothers, ‘Konar Maligai’. They have taken appreciable efforts to publish this “First of its Kind Translation” with a view to taking Thirukkual to the whole world without its spirit unquenched.

                                    ABOUT MY TRANSLATION

1.      HOW DID I ENDEAVOUR  THE TASK ?

“Guard  diligently  words that

Make or  mar”  ( Kural 642) 

         

With deep veneration I implore my dear scholars’ attention for this introduction on my translation so that the  first attempt for this translation and the content review done thereafter could be understood in right perspective. I am very careful about words pursuant to the advice of the Kuarl ,nevertheless I need a lengthy introduction  on this kind of intensity used in translation.

Let me at the outset tell you that my natural quest at reviewing English language even when I was doing my graduation is witnessed in a column called “ Sinning With Words” in the then The Indian Express. my qualification in law, psychology, criminology, administration, English language, religions, alternative/para-medicine  and my unquenched thirst for bilingual grammar ( Tamil & English) barring my profession as a teacher and an advocate has helped me a lot to understand  Thirukkural’s  intensity. I know and understand that Thirukkural is the widely translated book next to the Bible ,as the world knows. It has a lot of  exclusive sections for psychology, para-medicine, language experts, victims, religion, administrators and rationalists.

Keeping all these in mind, I plunged into the task of translating the couplet as  it is with 4 words in the first line and 3 words in the second line, having myself read a number of interpretations & English translations on Thirukkural. It took me a number of days amidst my schedules to complete the task. I really thank the Tamil veteran Dr.P. Muthukumaraswamy, an acclaimed Tamil scholar  and  recipient of many awards for his encouragement and his assurance of getting the book published.

I really am happy to see that I have attempted a new, different approach in translating the Thirukkural, which may be of  immense use to those, who like and love life throughout the globe. This translation aims at taking the Thirukkural to the world with a view to advising the world leaders in terms of peace.

2.      HOW IS THE LANGUAGE USED FOR THIS TRANSLATION?

Grammar is the vital part of any language which actually conveys the exact meaning legally. it is also called legal language. In English an indefinite article can change the whole meaning as in “a few, a little” meaning “some”, whereas sans the article as in “ few, little” meaning “nothing” despite the truth that “ some” or “nothing” could not replace the above said words respectively. This is because the latter “few or some” is  not perfectly negative in meaning. The same way the definite article preceding expresses an entirely different meaning of  a sentence from the one which does not have as “ I am going to  the school” and “ I am going to school”. In the former we understand that “I am neither a teacher nor a student” and in the latter it means “I am either a teacher or a student” though there are no such explicit expressions.

3.      CONTENT REVIEW

“Oxymoron is wealthy poor

  And  poor wealthy”  (kural 973)

It is pertinent to note that oxymoron is a figure of speech, which would say as ”wise fool”, where we think that a fool cannot be wise. but in oxymoron it is not so. A scholarly person behaving as a fool is called  “wise fool”. Likewise wealthy cannot be poor and poor cannot be wealthy too, but poor person behaving as a wealthy one  is called wealthy poor. It is in a positive sense. The latter, “poor wealthy” is in negative sense. Moreover I have deliberately employed “poor” instead of “poorly” as per grammatical rule to  modify the adjective, “wealthy”. If it were, “poorly wealthy” it would have also suggested positive sense, meaning wealthy person looking like a poor person, not behaving like. Both the “poor / wealthy” are implied noun-derivative  forms of “the poor / the wealthy”. thus intensively and descriptively grammatical usages are employed in this translation to extract the exact sense of  Thiruvalluvar.

In Kural 978 personification is used as meant by Thirukkural. A few hyphenated words are also used in Kural 987 I have used third person singular verb instead of  third person plural verb after  an adjective turned noun, “the great”, because of the Tamil word, “சால்பு”. This will  help the researchers.

In Kural 999 meaning of being “pessimistic” is depicted through usage. Certain usages such as in Kural 1000 are employed for  minimal words following English descriptive grammar. In Kural 1006 Thiruvalluvar uses a proper noun as an abstract noun. The same is kept in mind in translation. In kural 1008  the word,”நச்சம்”is translated “inaccessible”, which is still in vogue in telugu. In kurals 1014 abstract noun “ modesty ”is said as a concrete noun, In kural 1016 the same word is shown as a proper noun, referring to a person. Here in the former two  kurals Thiruvalluvar uses figures of speech only, not changing the pattern of words. The same is concentrated in English translation. In certain Kurals as in  kural 1049 understood phrases are used.

Kural 1039  is an example for good parable, “Sans  capital no gain ,Sans  fellowship  defeat “ is a translation without any verb but it implies meaning clearly like the phrase, “joy, joy this year, boy or girl next year” in the marriage functions. Kural 1240 is an example of metaphor. In some of my translated Kurals the usage of definite articles is only understood though not used as far as the language rules allow. Paradox is also found in the Kural which I have set forth below.

4. DIFFERENT WORDS AS TO THEIR DEPTH

Certain words are translated  keeping in mind the concepts of psychology, philosophy, law etc. as Thiruvalluvar looks as a sage, philosopher and prophet would,having known to all of these intensely. in Kural 1067, “ஆ” is translated not as “cow” but as “heart”. In kural 1111 “anicham” is kept intact. Apt words such as “lust, wrath, folly” are translated from Tamil equivalent as the base for disease.(vide:K.360).

A)    LOVE OF WOMEN NOT DEGRADED

In kural 822 Thiruvalluvar is generally depicted as having degraded  women in translations and interpretations but actually my translation goes as

“Unworthy false friendship  resembles

One sided love”

This implies the minds of women. They do not tend to fall in  love easily as the men do. but men having fallen in love long for the love of women. When a man expresses his love to woman he comes to know that woman’s mind differs from that of his. This is exactly in friendship also, one thinks that the other is a friend but when time comes it is known that he is not so. This is the exact comparison not at all degrading women. The paradox therein is commonly misunderstood by many.

B)    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRUTH & LIE

   “Diplomacy (constructive-fact)  aiming   good  cause

                Is also truth”

Many  a time we tend to translate/ interpret that  the kural 292 as having licensed us  for a lie for  good cause. Lie is lie. Truth is truth, fact is fact and how  can lie become truth for good cause?. This is good thought that we could think of. There are  three different words we use- truth, lie, diplomatic statement= constructive-fact. in tamil truth is mei, lie is poi, constructive-fact is poimai, not poimei. Valluvar has introduced the tamil word, “poimai”. This  looks like a lie but truth. That is why we call it constructive fact. Euphemism is a figure of speech to express this in grammar,“diplomacy” in law and administration. Many great men have used grammar adjectives or adverbs to be diplomatic ,which is a fact actually but  understood differently by the hearers. “constructive delivery of mails” and “actual delivery of mails” are legal terms. This translation clarifies  this doubt also, which has differently been interpreted hitherto.

C)    MISTAKE OF LAW

                   “No handicap  exists barring

                     Mistake of law”(kural 618)

Indian Penal Code and Indian Contract Act do suggest that “mistake of fact” is excusable whereas “mistake of law” is not. This Thirukkural is very particular about this law even before these enactments, which came in 1860 and thereafter.

D)    ARBITRATION

             “Wavering mind makes none

Acclaimed international  arbitrator”-(kural 598)

“Vallium(வள்ளியம்)”looks as if it referred to a profession but actually it refers to a professional called “arbitrator” instead of his profession, “arbitration”.(உள்ளம்)-ஊக்கம்; (இலாதவர்)-இல்லாதவர்; (எய்தார்)-அடையமாட்டார்; (உலகத்து-உலகத்தில்); (வள்ளியம்)-நீதிவழங்குபவர்; (என்னும்)-என்கின்ற; (செருக்கு) -பெருமிதம்.இப்பாடலில் ‘வள்ளியம் என்னும் செருக்கு’ என்ற அச்சொல் பெருமிதம் என்ற நற்பொருளில் வந்துள்ளது. ஊக்கம் உடையவர்களுக்கு கிடைக்கும் ஒரு நற்பயனாகச் சொல்லப்படுகிறது.”…வேளாண்மை என்னும் செருக்கு” (613)” …நகலானாம் நன்னயம் என்னும் செருக்கு” (860) ஆகிய பாடல்களில் அது நல்ல பொருளிலும் ஆளப்பட்டுள்ளது. “உலகத்து வள்ளியம் என்னும் செருக்கு எய்தார்” - இவ்வுலகத்தாருள் நீதிவழங்க வண்மையுடையேம் என்று தம்மைத்தாம் மதித்தலைப் பெறார். “Arbitration is a divine function”, (a quote from the speech on 11th of December 2015 at ICA International Conference on “Arbitration In The Era Of Globalization” at FICCI, New Delhi by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India Hon’ble Mr. Justice T.S. Thakur) “Arbitrators are “God’s people”( I Corinthians 6:1-5-Berean Study Bible,Good News Bible). My paper on “Arbitration And Its Relation To Family Laws” presented in the University of Madras on 28-29 January 2016 has elaborated on this. The Tamil word, “vallium” is the oldest but newly discovered one for  English is “arbitrator”.

E)    THREE WITNESSES

“Truth is established  through

Three   unintroduced   witnesses” (589)

For Arbitration or for any Court proceedings witnesses are important. Valluvar speaks of three unknown witnesses. We can see his insight in this matter too.            

F)     CONCILIATOR

“நயப்பித்தார்”(nayapiththaar) is the newly discovered tamil word for ‘conciliator’ from the thirukkural-1189 and 1190. Kural 1189 has indicated of family conciliation, which is very new law in India after the introduction of Arbitration And Conciliation 1996.

G)   FOR ADVOCATES

Kurals 725-730 speak on practising advocates/ lawyers. They are self evident in this translation.

H)    PHRASAL VERB –LOOK ON

Kural 1265, 1286 translation have  in the above phrasal verb, meaning to suggest that there was “to think, await and view”. This is the exact meaning of “look on” ..

I)       PHYSIOLOGICAL TERMS

Kurals 873,835,538, 548, 398, 126  speak of 7+1 endocrine glands that we have. Kural 392 speaks of “eye”, which has a deeper philosophical and physiological implications as detailed above

J)      COSMIC LAW

Kurals 378, 374,320, 245  are examples of Cosmic Law.

K)   RHYTHMIC

Kurals 350, 425 are rhythmic as in Tamil

L)    EXACT NUMBERS USED

Items numerically used by Valluvar are exactly translated as you could find in Kurals  863, 864

M)  HANDLING OF WORDS

For better understanding “cheater” is used in place of “ cheat” as most of us know of it. It is also used in North America. In the 3^rd Section  entitled “Love” many words accustomed to the culture where Thiruvalluvar resided are used, which need reception in English vocabulary.”NO-BETTER” as in Kural 143 is a coined word. In Kural 293 “lest” is used  to mean ‘so that not’, which is always followed by “should”. Here “should” is understood and so third person singular verb does not follow it. The same rule is applicable for Kural 127 in the translation.” A few foreign words such as “sans” instead of “without”, “sulkiness” for “paleness” , “gnothi seauton” for “Know Thyself”, su-jok for handy treatment, legal phrase, “mens-rea”(K-282, 287) for “ill-intention”, “agape” for love that has no condition as explained above are employed in this translation for accuracy ( Some of them have already been explained) . In Kural 1240 there is no finite verb but there is a meaning clearly understood. Kural 1210 the modal verb, “May” is understood. As in Kural 939 many  two words are reduced to one word as “flee” for “go/run away”

N)    CHAPTER 90

Though Chapter is named “ After Women” it is all about how men should be with women and all Kurals are translated with apt words keeping in mind the original  thought of Thiruvalluvar.

O)    DEFINITION OF “IDIOT”

Valluvar defines “idiots” as  “திருநீக்கப்பட்டார்”, “திரு” ,being a title for ordinary people, if it is removed from them they become idiots, having friendship with prostitutes, liquor and gambling. English Dictionaries define them as being with no other job than whiling away the time.

CONCLUSION

“Unprepared     speakers long for

A long speech”( kural  649)

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